Tones 调号

Mandarin, like all Chinese dialects, is a tonal language. This means that tones, just like consonants and vowels, are used to distinguish words from each other. Many foreigners have difficulties mastering the tones of each character, but correct tonal pronunciation is essential for intelligibility because of the vast number of words in the language that only differ by tone (i.e. are minimal pairs with respect to tone).
The following are the 4 tones of Standard Mandarin:
1. First tone, or high-level tone (阴平 yīnpíng, literal meaning: yin-level): a steady high sound,
as if it were being sung instead of spoken.
2. Second tone, or rising tone (阳平 yángpíng, literal meaning: yang-level), or linguistically,
high-rising: is a sound that rises from mid-level tone to high (e.g., What?!)
3. Third tone (low or dipping tone, 上声 shǎngshēng or shàngshēng, literal meaning: "up tone"):
has a mid-low to low descent; if at the end of a sentence or before a pause, it is then followed
by a rising pitch. Between other tones it may simply be low.
4. Fourth tone, falling tone (去声 qùshēng, literal meaning: "away tone"), or high-falling:
features a sharp fall from high to low, and is a shorter tone, similar to curt commands.
-------From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thanks Wikipedia

Han Yu Pin Yin 汉语拼音-2

Han Yu Pin Yin：initials + finals

a o e i u ü b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s y w

ai ei ui ao ou iu ie üe er an en in un ang eng ing ong

1、Initials: Character：声母；Pronunciation：Shēng mǔ
They are: b--- as in English"boy" /bɔɪ/

p--- as the name "Potter" /ˈpɒt.ər/

m--- as "mollify" /ˈmɒl.ɪ.faɪ/

f --- as "four" /fɔːr/

d ----- as "stop" /stɒp/

t ----- as "top" /tɒp/

n------ as"nut" /nʌt/

l ---- as"love" /lʌv/

g ---- as"gaga" /ˈgɑː.gɑː/

k ----- as"kilo" /ˈkiː.ləʊ/

h ---- as"had" /hæd/

j ---- as"G" /dʒiː/

q ----- as "chicken" /ˈtʃɪk.ɪn/

x ------ as"she" /ʃiː/

z ----- as"that" /ðæt/

c ----- as"nuts" /nʌts/

s ------ as"sun" /sʌn/

zh ------ as"merge" /mɜːdʒ/

ch ----- as"beach" /biːtʃ/

sh ----- as "shush" /ʃʊʃ/

r ------ as"ruler" /ˈruː.lər/

2、Finals: C: 韵母；P: yùn mǔ
They are: a ---- as "apple" /ˈæp.l ̩/

o --- as "boy" /bɔɪ/

e ---- as "egg" /eg/

i --- as "E" /iː/

u ---- as "Wood" /wʊd/

ü ---- as "yoof" /juːf/

ai --- as " I " /aɪ/

ei ---- as "A" /eɪ/

ui ---- as "we" /wiː/

ao ---- as "our " /aʊər/

ou ----- as "O" /əʊ/

iu ---- as "U" /juː/

ie ---- as "yes" /jes/

ue ---- as "yammer" /ˈjæm.ər/

er ---- as "car" /kɑːr/

an --- as "an" /ən/

en ---- as "un" /ʌn-/

in ---- as "in" /ɪn/

un --- as "when" /wen/

ang ---- as "aunt" /ɑːnt/

eng ---- as the pin yin "e" with English "ng" added to it

ing ----- as "ink" /ɪŋk/

ong ---- as"wonga" /ˈwɒŋ.gə/

Han Yu Pin Yin 汉语拼音-1

Pinyin, or more formally Hanyu Pinyin, is currently the most commonly used Romanization system for Standard Mandarin. Hanyu means the Chinese language, and pinyin means "phonetics", or more literally, "spelling sound" or "spelled sound".[1] Developed by a government committee in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the system was initially approved by the Chinese government on February 11, 1958.[2] The International Organization for Standardization adopted pinyin as the international standard in 1982,[3] and since then it has been adopted by many other organizations. Since January 1, 2009, it is also the official romanization system in Taiwan (Republic of China, ROC).[4][5] It is used to teach Chinese schoolchildren and foreign learners the standard pronunciation of Mandarin Chinese, to spell Chinese names in foreign publications and to enter Chinese characters (hanzi) on computers and cellphones.

-----From Wikipedia，the free encyclopedia
Thanks Wikipedia